Atherosclerosis

What is Atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits, known as “plaques,” inside arteries—the vessels responsible for carrying blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. Atherosclerosis plays a significant role in conditions like heart attacks and strokes. Depending on the arteries affected, it takes different forms:

  • Carotid Artery Disease: Affects arteries supplying blood to the brain, increasing the risk of stroke.
  • Coronary Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease): Affects arteries supplying blood to the heart, causing chest pain and increasing the risk of heart attacks.
  • Renal Artery Stenosis: Affects arteries supplying blood to the kidneys, potentially leading to high blood pressure or kidney disease.
  • Peripheral Artery Disease: Affects arteries supplying blood to the arms and legs, often causing leg pain, tingling, or numbness during physical activity.

How Does Atherosclerosis Lead to Heart Attacks, Strokes, and More? Atherosclerosis-related plaques contribute to health problems in two ways:

  1. Reduced Blood Flow: Enlarged plaques can limit blood flow to specific body parts, causing symptoms like pain in the affected area.
  2. Rupture and Clot Formation: Plaques may rupture, leading to blood clot formation within the artery. This can result in a blockage of blood supply, leading to strokes or heart attacks.

Who is at Risk for Atherosclerosis? Certain factors increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis:

  • High Cholesterol or Triglycerides: Elevated fat levels in the blood.
  • High Blood Pressure: Increased force against artery walls.
  • Diabetes: Elevated blood sugar levels.
  • Smoking: Tobacco use.
  • Unhealthy Lifestyle: Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity.
  • Family History: A parent developing atherosclerosis before the age of 50.

Will I Need Tests? Tests are usually ordered based on specific concerns, such as coronary heart disease or peripheral artery disease. A common test is the “lipid profile,” a blood test measuring different forms of fat and cholesterol.

Preventing Atherosclerosis Complications: What Can You Do? To reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, or related issues:

  • Medication: Take prescribed medicines for managing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and preventing clots.
  • Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight.
  • Balanced Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, while limiting meats, sweets, and refined grains.
  • Regular Physical Activity: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
  • Smoking Cessation: Quit smoking, and seek your doctor’s support if needed.
  • Moderate Alcohol Intake: Limit alcohol consumption to no more than 2 drinks a day for men and 1 drink a day for women.

Remember, preventive measures play a crucial role in safeguarding your heart health. Regular check-ups and lifestyle adjustments contribute to a healthier, happier life. If you have questions or concerns, consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.